OK, I had a similar problem with missing events on my droid and finally found a solution. I hope it helps some of you.
I had exported all of my friends birthdays from facebook and uploaded them to Google calendars and I noticed that some of the birthdays would show up on the web but not on the app. I tried all of the solutions offered on the web like clearing the calendars cache and restarting, but none of them helped. Then I took a closer look at some of the problem entries and noticed that they were all repeating events and the starting dates were in the year 1900. I assume that either facebook or Google makes the starting date 1900 by default if no starting date is given. In this case, these were people who did not want to share their year of birth on facebook. I updated the year on some of these and they immediately began popping up on my phone. The android app just didn't like something about that 1900 date.
So if it is a reoccurring event, go Google calendar via a web browser > click on the event > Edit event details > Look under "When" > "Repeats" > "Range" > "Starts" and confirm the date is not 1900 or some other erroneous year. When changing these dates, I tried to use the correct starting years when I could but in cases where the correct year was unknown or unimportant, I just put in 2010.
Hope that helps.