The signal bars are for network service. The 3G indicator is to let you know that network signal includes 3G data availability. If you roam sometimes you will see bars without 3G, and that's usually because some of the off-network providers don't provide 3G data signals. Very common in remote areas, and I experience it in ME, VT, MA, upper MI, and rural VA when traveling. You can have great voice signal and no data in these areas.
Bars themselves are estimates. 0 or 1 bar basically means you're in low quality signal, but it's useful enough if the signal remains continuous.