An .apk file is a simple zip file with a different suffix ... one can unzip or zip the components back into a zipfile with the.apk suffix, then "adb install filename.apk" to side-load onto the device.
$ unzip -l Free42Android.apk
Archive: Free42Android.apk
Length Date Time Name
--------- ---------- ----- ----
2198 2012-07-28 14:25 META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
2319 2012-07-28 14:25 META-INF/MYKEY.SF
1414 2012-07-28 14:25 META-INF/MYKEY.RSA
1127 2012-07-28 14:25 res/drawable/copy.png
583 2012-07-28 14:25 res/drawable/document.png
332 2012-07-28 14:25 res/drawable/folder.png
3430 2012-07-28 14:25 res/drawable/icon.png
1530 2012-07-28 14:25 res/drawable/paste.png
611 2012-07-28 14:25 res/drawable/printer.png
2680 2012-07-28 14:25 res/layout/file_selection_dialog_landscape.xml
2680 2012-07-28 14:25 res/layout/file_selection_dialog_portrait.xml
1204 2012-07-28 14:25 res/layout/file_selection_dialog_row.xml
5668 2012-07-28 14:25 res/layout/preferences_dialog.xml
512 2012-07-28 14:24 res/raw/click.wav
2044 2012-07-28 14:24 res/raw/squeak.wav
4044 2012-07-28 14:24 res/raw/tone0.wav
4044 2012-07-28 14:24 res/raw/tone1.wav
4044 2012-07-28 14:24 res/raw/tone2.wav
4044 2012-07-28 14:24 res/raw/tone3.wav
4044 2012-07-28 14:24 res/raw/tone4.wav
4044 2012-07-28 14:24 res/raw/tone5.wav
4044 2012-07-28 14:24 res/raw/tone6.wav
4044 2012-07-28 14:24 res/raw/tone7.wav
4044 2012-07-28 14:24 res/raw/tone8.wav
4044 2012-07-28 14:24 res/raw/tone9.wav
2148 2012-07-28 14:25 AndroidManifest.xml
4760 2012-07-28 14:25 resources.arsc
82724 2012-07-28 14:25 classes.dex
53960 2012-07-28 14:24 com/thomasokken/free42/Standard.gif
2013 2012-07-28 14:24 com/thomasokken/free42/Standard.layout
339760 2012-07-28 14:25 lib/armeabi/libfree42.so
--------- -------
554137 31 files
$ unzip -Z
ZipInfo 3.00 of 20 April 2009, by Greg Roelofs and the Info-ZIP group.
List name, date/time, attribute, size, compression method, etc., about files
in list (excluding those in xlist) contained in the specified .zip archive(s).
"file[.zip]" may be a wildcard name containing *, ?, [] (e.g., "[a-j]*.zip").
usage: zipinfo [-12smlvChMtTz] file[.zip]
[list...] [-x xlist...]
or: unzip -Z [-12smlvChMtTz] file[.zip]
[list...] [-x xlist...]
main listing-format options: -s short Unix "ls -l" format (def.)
-1 filenames ONLY, one per line -m medium Unix "ls -l" format
-2 just filenames but allow -h/-t/-z -l long Unix "ls -l" format
-v verbose, multi-page format
miscellaneous options:
-h print header line -t print totals for listed files or for all
-z print zipfile comment -T print file times in sortable decimal format
-C be case-insensitive -M page output through built-in "more"
-x exclude filenames that follow from listing