Hi EarlyMon,
I was just working with your raw file. GIMP is assigning the built-in sRGB profile because there is no embedded ICC profile. Your dcraw command line told dcraw to output a linear gamma image ("-4").
Essentially your GIMP curve is counteracting the effect of assigning a regular sRGB profile to a linear gamma image. Your raw file really isn't underexposed at all.
The regular sRGB profile has a more or less perceptually uniform TRC. Your dcraw output assumes a linear gamma TRC.
If the idea of an ICC profile TRC (tone reproduction curve) seems odd, given your background you might find this article the quickest way to assimilate a lot of relevant information, and there's a section on TRCs:
Completely Painless Programmer's Guide to XYZ, RGB, ICC, xyY, and TRCs
http://ninedegreesbelow.com/photography/xyz-rgb.html
I attached a linear gamma sRGB profile for you to experiment with.
Alas 8 bits isn't enough to work with linear gamma images. So either compile GIMP 2.9 from git (easy to do, and Partha maintains a build for Windows and also I think Mac, I can send you the link if you are interested). Or else remove the "-4" from your command line. Or experiment anyway, but you'll see bands in the shadows from posterization.
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