Sadly not in a way that could be described as elegant or easy.
At least you needn't feel discriminated against, you can't do it on a PC either.
However, you can achieve the same thing (painfully) in several steps.
1. root your phone (if you haven't done this, you needn't be intimidated, it is pretty easy)
2. create a nandroid backup using CWM (CWM will be installed as part of rooting, this will make a full backup of the contents of your NAND ROM)
3. mount the internal disks on your Mac and copy the contents of the two disks to your Mac.
It's (very) ugly compared to backing up an iPhone and indeed restoring is even uglier but it is possible.
Sadly the SGS2 is a great phone , with a decent, extremely flexible albeit somewhat unattractive and user unfriendly OS, totally let down by appalling desktop integration. The desktop integration sucks if you are running Windows and sadly sucks even more if you are running a Mac (as I am). If you haven't attempted to sync with iTunes yet, prepare for more "fun" (=pain and heartache).