My response is not going to be a popular one, judging from the bias that will exist in an Android forum. I am not by any means anti-Android, but I am a former iPhone user (6 years since day one) who moved to the Galaxy S3 two months ago and will have a Note II in less than a week.
As a Mac user (and strictly speaking as such) moving to Android, you are definitely going to lose the fluid integration you had with your other Apple devices. Make no mistake about it, Mac and Android do not especially get along together nor do they want to make it easy for them to interact.
Yes, there are third-party programs that will get you "mostly" there but they all have shortcomings that are not up to par with the kind of iCloud integration you get between the iPhone and your Apple device.
As a new android user, there isn't a day that goes by that I don't miss iOS and how having it on all my devices made it seem as if I was using a single one.
That being said...and here is where I start saying some nice things about Android....
Apple screwed the pooch on iPhone 6. I wanted a new iPhone. I just didn't want the same iPhone.
There used to be a time when the iPhone reigned supreme. However, in the past 6 years other devices caught up. Now, they surpass. People like you coming to Android forums represent the many who had hoped that the iPhone would have had a larger (rather than taller) screen or allowed more customizability without having to jailbreak.
Android allows complete freedom from the confines of the Apple infrastructure. You can customize the phone to your heart's content. In fact, the Android community supports such.
As an Apple user you will notice a breathe of fresh air moving to a larger screen and more open platform. You can easily set up your email to support iCloud integration (use iMap). I'll be happy to post instructions if you want.
There are setbacks. The apps on Android are not nearly as polished as they are on iOS 6. This is because Apple provides better tools for developers than Android. I also don't like the email programs available on Android. And before anyone calls me out for putting down Android email, I am talking purely on integration with other Apple devices.
It's a 50/50 shot that you will be completely happy with Android. I don't think anybody can completely be happy with their phone without looking at the benefits of the other operating system they don't have. In my opinion, iOS is a far better operating system for people that just want their phones to work and devices to sync perfectly within the Apple ecosystem. Android is for people who like to tinker and customize, but have less of a concern of compatibility with their Apple product. Windows users will have a far better experience with Android than Apple.