Unfortunately I can't think of one. Actually if I could it would be problematic to post it publicly (because anyone can read it, so this would be telling any thief how they could access their victim's data!), but if ADB isn't responding (whether because USB debugging is off or the computer hasn't been authorised to use it, or the authorisation has expired) then you need to unlock the screen to use that.
Which doesn't really leave anything on an unrooted device. If you have a custom recovery then there would be ways, but that seems unlikely to me (as you've not mentioned it). Installing one requires unlocking the bootloader and I don't think Nokias have unlockable bootloaders, plus unlocking the bootloader performs a factory reset on most phones, and in many cases you need to enable bootloader unlocking first, which means getting pas the lock screen again. So unless it's already been done, it won't help now.
And that's the same for every other solution I can think of: there are things you could use if you'd already installed them or set them up, but doing that now requires getting past the lockscreen.