"a way to use my computer processing power to run my android faster"? Do you mean run android on the PC, or offload some of the processing to the PC? The first can certainly be done with an emulator, but whether that will be fast enough for you I don't know (emulators are always slower than native computing). The second is something I've never heard of, and seems rather unlikely to me.

 

even if you slimmed down the os with a rooted custom rom, the processing power will not increase. the only way to do that is to get a new processor......which is not possible other than to upgrade your phone.