Have gmail read the POP account you want to filter.
Let's say, that account is myaccount.com.
Now, in the gmail account in which you read myaccount.com, set up the following filter:
On the first filter page, put "myaccount.com" in the To: field
In the Doesn't have: field, put the email addresses you WANT to let through (trust me on this one).
On the next filter page, check "Skip the inbox" and "Delete" or whatever other action you want (I label all the emails that were skipped with a label like "myaccount skip" so I can still, if I want, see the ones that were filtered on my phone).
Now you have a single filter that will allow only emails from the email addresses you want to go to your gmail account. You can now safely read that gmail account on your phone.
If you want at some future point to let more email addresses through, just add them to the "Doesn't have" field.
BTW, this is not theoretical, it's how I have my main POP account set up, so I get filtered emails pushed to my phone.