You are syncing your email with your email server (whichever service that might be).
I really don't understand the rest, because none of that is normal. Well, it's possible you have something that can change Do Not Disturb automatically: a 'quiet hours' schedule (that puts it into DND overnight), or possibly a utility that puts it into that mode when your calendar says you are in a meeting and busy (I had to write that for myself, but it's possible that with a different phone and app the manufacturer could have included it). But location & sync settings should not change by themselves.
Is the phone new, or was it OK before and this has just started? If it's just started, has anything been installed or updated recently which might be responsible?
(I can't see an obvious connection between some of these things either, e.g. the email or message thing and the settings changing).