Want to switch to Android, have some Questions.

Hi,
so I have currently an iPhone and an Apple Computer, but I am pissed of because I can't run my own code on my own phone, neither I can boot the OS I want on my PC.
So I have some questions before I will switch to Android.

a) What do I have to think about when I buy an Android Phone. I noticed that major phones have still Android 2.2 instead of 2.3. Will the Galaxy S II have LTS (Long Term Support)? Or does only the Nexus get instand updates and receives updates over a long time ?

b) Can I run simpel C++ programs on my Phone? By simpel I mean without GUI, only command line.

c) Has Android any restrictions ? Or is it open like an pre-smartphone handy with Java support ?

d) Does Android support a landscape keyboard ? When I wanted to try it out in a store, it opened up a strange launchpad instead.

e) How do I manage my music on my phone ? Before Google Music comes to europe, are there media apps that support syncing with my desktop pc library ? Or is it like the good old Java phone again, were I just put my music on my phone and the player recognizes it?

f) If I have a phone with crap-ware installed, can I flash my OS or does it require certain drivers or similar ?

g) Is there anything else that I need to know ?

Thanks a lot !