Here is your problem.
When you create a contact on the Droid, by default it is saved to "My Contacts" in gmail. If you do not have this group selected for display on your Droid, new contacts will not display!
Open contacts / menu / display options / select gmail account / check the box for "System Group: My Contacts" / done
Now your new contacts will appear.
You may want to think about how your Gmail contacts are organized. I keep all my most used contacts in My Contacts and put all others in groups. If I want to see a contact in another group, I just temporarily change the display settings.
There is an app called Contacts Evolved that displays your gmail contact groups in tabs for easy viewing. You may want to check it out becuase you can move your contacts into a different group and create a group with that app.