I can update this post later with more thorough information, but most likely, this will help.
Go into your sdcard under Clockworkmod/backups (or something like that) and copy the particular backup (that contains your logs) to your computer.
Grab unyaffs, a tool that will let you extract .img files (which the clockwork backups are).
Android programming
Download the "unyaffs (prebuilt Windows version)"
I would just save and extract the unyaffs zip, with contents, into the same directory on your computer where you copied your backups.
Next, open a command prompt (windows, cmd, enter), navigate to said directory, and type unyaffs. This should give you the instructions on how to extract the img. Something like unyaffs data.img.
Your call logs and messages are all located in the data.img, which basically contains all of your /data files, i.e. non-system apps and settings.
Your call logs are located in the logs.db
data/data/com.somethingsomething.providers/ (will update that later).
Your sms messages are located in mmssms.db also in
data/data/(will update later with folder name if you can't find).
Hopefully this will get you started, and I'll give you more info if you need it.