That thing in the picture is a third party charger? It's got all of the regulatory markings OK, but sure, it's conceivable that it's the cause. To be honest I've used all sorts of chargers with my Pixel 2 (the Google one, a HTC 10 charger, an Anker charger, my 5 year old tablet's charger, and a mainland European HTC M9 charger) and never met anything like this, but it's possible. There's nothing in the output specs that looks wrong though (obviously it won't fast charge, but so what?).
Have you tried your usual charger with a plug adapter? Or do Google do something stupid like provide US-only chargers (110V/60Hz) to US customers and multi-voltage chargers to the rest of the world? Palm used to do this, so I guess others might.
For that matter, have you just tried it with a different cable?