Hi,
I have this phone myself, bought it back in May.
Yesterday, I was unlucky enough to drop my phone on the floor in a small puddle of water, which got into the USB port. I quickly picked it up, turned the phone off, opened the back cover, took out the battery and wiped everything off, then I used pressurized air to further blow any water inside out of it. Then I did something I perhaps should not: I put the battery in short after to try and start it, and then I got the same warning display as you describe here with the temperature icon next to it. I have a stock phone, not rooted or anything.
It did not want to start on battery power alone, it was just stuck at displaying the battery with the yellow warning icon and temperature icon, alternating. Tried a soft-reset and a hard-reset without any luck.
I then tried to plug a charger in to start it, it did actually start, but the first thing it did was to start the MTP sync application stating it was connected. It did this every time I started the phone using charger (both wall and PC USB cable). I plugged the charger out, the MTP application remained on screen saying it was connected. Also noticing the battery icon showing it was still charging, after I unplugged it. It took 15-20 seconds before the battery icon updated and showing it was not charging, but the MTP application remained on screen saying it was connected. I hit the home button to close it, tried to enable Mass Storage Device mode but it said the phone was connected (even through it obviously wasn't), and that I had to unplug it to continue.
Plugging the USB cable from the PC to the device did not work either. Well, I got the USB connected sound from Windows, but nothing happened (it did not show up as a device). I use KIES for updating firmware, it also did not detect it. It did detect it when I connected it later, but it just hung at "Connecting" with the spinning icon next to it.
After trying different methods to make it work, even doing factory reset, I attempted to restore my latest backup done through Kies (which worked the one single time it did connect after all this happened). I got an error message, after seeing everything got a nice green V, saying an error occurred. Checking my phone, everything was actually restored. But my battery indicator app did not wanna play ball with the battery, it wasn't measuring battery usage and the on-battery-timer wasn't ticking.
I took out the battery and left my phone opened with the battery next to it over night, next day same thing happened.
Since I work in a big-brand electronics store, I took a brand new battery from an exhibition model in our store, which I know was working, and the same thing happened. I also tried the charger from the exhibition model, it always started the same way and ran MTP upon boot.
This means it was not the battery. For double-checking, I tried a brand new battery right out of an unopened box, this also did not work - I also tried the charger from this, no difference in result. The problem was with the phone. Yes, it was dipped in water, and yes, I should've left it drying over night even though I managed to force every drop of water out of it.
I also saw that when I managed to start the phone after the incident while it was connected to a charger, my battery indicator app showed that the battery was giving overvoltage (3.91-4.13 volts). Temperature was perfectly fine however.
I can't say for sure if the contact with the water caused this, even though it most likely is, but this is the exact same problem as the rest are stating to have here.
End of the line, I just had to send it in for a check and possible repairs.
Hope any of this may help or give some clue to the others.