I am a 911 operator, that's how I am able to do this without it being illegal. On our phone system we can see the tower the caller is connected to and when it is receiving Phase II data we can see a latitude, longitude, accuracy and confidence readings. Verizon acquires phase II 911 data by tower triangulation and if available, by GPS. When these are combined it is called A-GPS (assisted GPS). When you turn GPS off on your phone you can go to google maps and it will show your location as the tower you are connected to, when GPS is on you can see your location and it is using the same A-GPS data as 911 receives to give your location in this way on google maps. We can also do a manual query on your location if we know the tower you are connected to without you calling 911. Having GPS enabled or disabled has no bearing on our ability to get your location, your phone will force enable GPS when you call, that is what emergency mode does.